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There is agreement in the literature that offenders often acquire guns through unregulated private encounters with friends, family members and petty criminals. Although anecdotes suggest that licensed gun dealers also play a role, most studies have ignored or discounted the possibility that dishonest retailers are a significant source of supply. This effort explores gun markets in Los Angeles by examining the redistributive history of firearms seized by police and by reviewing Federal gun trafficking investigations. One finding, that corrupt licensed dealers diverted sizeable quantities of guns to end users and to unlicensed street vendors, suggests that retail sources may serve as a far more important source of firearms for criminals than is commonly supposed.

The transformation of the German education system because of the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations, 2006) has also reached the domain of teacher training. Professional competences and their development are brought into focus (e. g., Trautmann, 2017). Since 2013, all prospective teachers in Germany have to be qualified in the field of heterogeneity, inclusion and diagnostics, mainly in the educational science part of the teacher training programmes (KMK, 2013a, 2013b, 2013c, 2013d, 2013e, 2015). However, there is a great heterogeneity regarding the content and structures of this teacher training for inclusion in Germany. Despite the formal anchoring of inclusion and heterogeneity in teacher training in Germany, an overview of the current status of the curricular implementation of inclusion-oriented teacher training is missing. The aim of this study is to fill this gap and, to do so, investigates in a first step the educational science parts of the curricula. Therefore, the study and examination regulations of all general education teacher training programmes (primary, secondary I and II) at German universities were analyzed by means of qualitative content analysis. The results show differences in the extent of the curricula regarding heterogeneity and inclusion between the states and universities on the one hand and the various study programmes on the other hand.

The paper investigates the determinants of capital structure and the speed of adjustment of capital structure decisions of Nigerian firms.

The paper adopts three methods: difference GMM, system GMM and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA).

The empirical results show that firms' efficiency affects the capital structure decisions of Nigerian firms. At the same time, short-term debt has a higher speed of adjustment in the context of Nigerian firms. The roles of other control variables are established in the paper.

Nigerian firms should adopt short-term debt in order to achieve their targeted debt levels. Managers of Nigerian firms are also advised to be more efficient in order to attract higher performance.

The paper is the first literature to measure the efficiency of firms using SFA method. Extant studies in the literature have neglected the determinant while four papers that adopt the determinant data envelope analysis (DEA) method. This is also the first study to document the speed of adjustment in capital structure decisions in the context of Nigerian firms.